Wednesday, November 21, 2018

LEARN GARO- EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS

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💡I am feeling cold (I'm feeling cold).

= Anga sin⋅enga.

💡I am feeling hot (I'm feeling hot).

= Anga ding⋅enga.

📖 Dictionary-(Garo to English):----------

🔑Anga= I or ' I am'.
🔑sin⋅a=cold.
🔑ding⋅a=hot, 
↪ding⋅enga= 'feeling hot' (a suffix 'enga' in adjective 'ding⋅a' indicates present continous tense).
🔑sin⋅a= cold.
↪sin⋅enga (a suffix 'enga' in adjective 'sin⋅a' indicates present continuos tense).
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💡I am feeling happy (I'm happy).

= Anga kusi ong⋅enga.(Anga katchaenga).

💡I am feeling sad (I'm sad).

= Anga duk ong⋅enga.

📖 Dictionary-(Garo to English):----------

🔑kusi= happiness.

↪kusi ong⋅a=feel happy.

↪kusi ong⋅enga=feeling happy.

🔑duk= sadness.

↪duk ong⋅a=feel sad.

↪duk ong⋅enga=feeling sad.

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💡I am feeling lazy ( or 'I am bored )

= Anga aratenga.

💡I am feeling angry ( or I'm angry ).

= Anga ka⋅o nangenga.

💡I am feeling good ( or 'I am enjoying').

= Anga an⋅sengenga (anga suk ong⋅enga.)

📖 Dictionary-(Garo to English):----------

🔑arata= feel lazy or bored.

↪aratenga=feeling lazy or bored.

🔑ka⋅o nanga= feel angry.

↪ka⋅o nangenga=feeling angry.

🔑an⋅senga/ suk ong⋅a= 'feel good' or in a 'pleasant mood'.

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💡I am in love with you (I love you).

= Anga nang⋅na ka⋅saenga.

💡I like you. 

= Anga nang⋅ko namnika.

💡I am feeling tired. (I'm tired)


= Anga neng⋅enga.

💡I am feeling hungry. (I'm hungry)

= Anga okkrienga.
📖 Dictionary-(Garo to English):----------
🔑ka⋅saa= love.

↪ka⋅saenga='in love'.

🔑namnika= to like somebody or something.

↪namnikenga=present continous tense of 'namnika'.

🔑neng⋅a=tiredness or exhaustion. 
↪neng⋅enga= ( present continous tense of 'neng⋅a').
🔑okkria= hungry.
↪okkrienga= feeling hungry
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LEARN GARO-(YET, STILL & ALREADY)


   # ‘Yet’ in Negative Sentences Describing Something that has not happened:--

(ONG⋅KUJA / ONG⋅KUJAENGA)
Anga mesal cha∙kuja. (or 'cha∙kujaenga').
= I haven’t eaten my lunch yet.
  • Cha∙a=eat.
  • Cha∙kuja= not eaten.
  • Mesal=lunch; meal eaten during daytime.
  • Cha∙kujaenga=haven't eaten yet.
Anga kam ka∙kuja (or 'ka∙kujaenga').
= I am not working yet.
  • Kam=work.
  • Ka∙ja= does not work.
  • Ka∙jaenga= not working.
  • Ka∙kujaenga= not working yet.
Anga graduation matchotkujaenga.
= I have not finished my graduation yet.
  • Matchota= to finish.
  • Matchotja= not finish.
  • Matchotkujaenga= not finished yet.
Ua angna aganchakkuja.
= He hasn't replied to me yet.
  • Aganchaka= to reply.
  • Aganchakkuja= not replied yet (when you expect   a reply)
Ua officechini re∙bapilkuja.
= He hasn't returned from the office yet.
  • Chini= from.
  • Officechini= from office.
  • Re∙bapilkuja= not returned yet.
Anga kam matchotkujaenga.
= I haven't finished my work yet.
  • Kam= work.
  • Matchotkujaenga= not finished yet.
Anga koros ka∙a matchotkujaenga.
= I haven't finished shopping yet.
  • Koros ka∙a= to do shopping.
  • Matchotkujaenga= not finished yet.
Na∙a angko ma∙sikuja. (or 'Na∙a angko ma∙sian ma∙sikuja')
= You haven't known me yet.
(Though you think you know me).
  • Ma∙sia= to know or be familiar with somebody.
  • Ma∙sija= does not know.
  • Ma∙sikuja=  not knowing yet (does not know yet)
Na∙a mamingkoba nikkuja. (Nang∙ni nikani chu∙ongkuja)
= You haven't seen anything yet.
  • Nika= to see.
  • Nikkuja= haven't seen yet.
  • Mamingkoba=  nothing or anyting.
Anga uko grongna cholko man∙kuja.
= I haven't got a chance to meet him yet.
  • Gronga= meet.
  • Grongna= to meet.
  • Chol=  chance or opportunity.

#'Yet' in Question Sentences :

(ONG⋅KUJAMA / ONG⋅KUJAENGAMA)
An∙ching uanona sokahama?
= Are we there yet?
  • Soka= to reach.
  • Sokaha= to have reached the destination.
  • ma= a question suffix
  • Uanona= there; to that place.
Ua nokona sokbajokma? 
= Is he home yet? 
  • Soka= to reach.
  • Sokba= to arrive the destination (towards the same destination as the speaker).
  • ma= a question suffix
  • Sokbajok= arrived.
Ua sokbahama? 
= Has he arrived yet? 
Nang∙ni bi∙atgipako uamang  watatjokma? 
= Have they dispatched your order yet ?

  • Bi∙a= to ask, to pray or to order.
  • Bi∙atgipa= something that one ordered.
  • ma= a question suffix
  • Watata= to send or dispatch.
Ua nang∙na  agankujama? 
= Hasn't he told you yet ?
Ua nang∙na  agankujane? 
= Hasn't he told you yet ?

  • Agana= to speak; to say & to tell.
  • Aganaha= said.
  • Agankuja= yet to say; hasn't told yet.
Na∙a uko nikkujama?
= Haven't you seen it yet ?

  • Nikaha= seen.
  • Nikkuja= hasn't seen.
Na∙a tusikujama?
= Haven't you slept yet ?

  • Tusia= sleep.
  • Tusiaha= slept.
  • Tusikuja= hasn't slept yet.
Na∙a uko knakujama?
= Haven't you heard it yet ?

  • Knaa= hear.
  • Knaaha/ knajok= heard.
  • Knakuja= not heard yet.
Na∙a cha∙mankujama?
= Haven't you finished eating yet ?

  • Cha∙a= to eat.
  • Cha∙manaha/ Cha∙manjok= finished eating.
  • Cha∙mankuja= not finished eating yet.
Na∙a chanchiman∙kujama?
= Haven't you decided yet ?

  • Chanchia= to think, ponder about or to make decision.
  • Chanchiman∙aha= finished making decision.
  • Chanchiman∙kuja= not decided yet.
Na∙a uko grongkujama?
= Haven't you met him yet ?

  • Gronga= to meet somebody.
  • Grongaha= met somebody.
  • Grongkuja= hasn't met.
Na∙a iako dake nikujane?
= Haven't you tried it yet ?

  • Daka= to do something.
  • Nia= to see.
  • Dake nia= to try something.
  • Daka= to do something.
  • Nia= to see.
  • Dake nikuja= not tried yet.
Na∙a da∙onaba maina iako a∙bachengkujaenga?
= Why haven't you started it yet?

  • A∙bachenga= to begin or to start.
  • A∙bachengaha/ A∙bachengjok = started.
  • A∙bachengkuja= not started
  • Enga= suffix showing continuos tense.


#'Uses of 'Still':

(ONG⋅KUENGA / ONG⋅ENGKUA)
Anga poraikuenga.
= I am still studying.
  • Poraia= to study or to read.
  • Poraienga = studying.
  • Poraikuenga = still studying.
  • Enga= suffix showing continuos tense.
Anga saksan ong∙engkua/ Anga bia ka∙kujaenga.
= I am still single/ I am still unmarried.
  • Saksan= alone or single.
  • Saksan donga=  to stay or remain single.
  • Saksan ong∙a = single (state).
  • Saksan ong∙engkua= still remaining single.
  • Enga= suffix showing continuos tense.
Anga an∙tangko ja∙manchakaha ine chanchiachim indiba ang somai gitan ong∙engkua.
= I thought I was late but I'm still on time. 
  • An∙tang= myself.
  • An∙tangko= of myself.
  • Ja∙man= last.
  • Ja∙manchaka= late.
  • Ja∙manchakaha=late ( as present perfect tense or past tense).
  • Somai=time.
  • somai gitan ong∙engkua=still on time.
Anga nang∙ko sengkuenga.
= I am still waiting for you,

  • Senga= to wait.
  • Sengenga= waiting.
  • Sengkuenga/ sengengkua= still waiting.
  • Enga= suffix showing continuos tense.
Anga namkalaha indiba anga sam jakkalna nangkuenga.
= I have gotten better but I'm still under medication.
  • Nama= good.
  • Namkala= better.
  • Sam=medicine,
  • Jakkala= use
  • Jakkalna= to use.
  • Nanga= need to or have to.
  • Nangkuenga= still need to.
Anga nokon ong∙kuenga (or 'Anga nokonkuenga').
= I am still at home.
  • Nok= home.
  • Nokon= at home.
  • Nokonkuenga/ nokon ong∙kuenga= Still at home.
Anga sokangkuja, ramaon ong∙kuenga.
= I am not there yet, still on my way.
  • Sokangkuja= not reach the destination yet.
  • Rama= road, way.
  • Ramaon= not anywhere else but on the way.
  • Ramaon ong∙kuenga.= still on the way.
Anga chuttion ong∙engkua.(chutti matchotkuja)
= I am still on leave.
  • Chutti= on leave or holiday.
  • Chuttion ong∙kuenga.= still on leave.
Andalbaengahachim, indiba ua bakraon re∙brangengkua.
= It was getting dark, but he was still wandering in the wilderness.
  • Andala= dark.
  • Andalbaenga= getting dark.
  • Andalbaengahachim= it was getting dark.
  • Bakra= a field or wilderness.
  • Re∙branga= to wander. 
  • Re∙brangengkua= still wandering. 
Angni atchutang tangengkua.
= My grandfather is still alive.
  • Tanga= live.
  • Tangengkua= still alive.
An∙ching papi  ong∙engpittion, Kristo an∙chinga siaha.
= While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
  • Pap= sin.
  • Papi= sinner.
  • Siaha= died. 
  • Ong∙engpittion= to say that while something was still happening.
Anga ua salko gisik ra∙engkua.
= I still remember that day.
  • Sal= day.
  • Ua salko= that day.
  • Gisik ra∙a= remember.
  • Gisik ra∙engkua= still remembering.
Uamang Shillongon songdongengkua.
= They are still living in Shillong.
  • Songdonga= to settle;to reside or to stay permanrntly in a place.
  • Songdongengkua= still residing in a particular place. 

#'Uses of 'Already':
(ONG⋅MANSOAHA/ ONG⋅MANJOK/ 
ONG⋅MANSOJOK / ONG⋅PILJOK/ ONG⋅PILENGJOK )
An∙ching ja∙manchakmanaha jensomaio  skulona sokaha.
= We were already late when we reached the school.

  • Ja∙manchaka= late.
  • Ja∙manchakmanaha= already late.
  • Jensomaio= "While", "When" or "during that time".
Saljatchi ong∙pilaha indiba ua palangonkuachim.
= It was already noon but he was still in bed.

  • Saljatchi= Midday or noon.
  • Saljatchi ong∙pilaha= already noon.
  • Palang= bed.
  • Palangon= in bed.
  • Palangonkuachim= still in bed.
Seng∙gnangkuengachim indiba anga  meatam song∙manaha.
= It was still early but I have already cooked my dinner.

  • Seng∙gnang= early.
  • Seng∙gnangkuenga= still early.
  • Seng∙gnangkuengachim= It was still early.
  • Meatam = dinner or "main meal eaten after just before sunset or after sunset.
  • Song∙manaha.= cook.
  • Song∙manaha= finished cooking (already cooked).
Somai ong∙manaha indiba anga semankuja.
= The time is up already but I have not finished writing.

  • Somai= time. 
  • Somai ong∙manaha = time is up.
  • Sea= write.
  • Semana= to finish writing.
  • Semankuja= not finished writing yet.
Chinga uko grongna re∙angachim  indiba ua ong∙katsomanaha.
= We went to see him but he has left already.

  • Grongna = to meet.
  • Re∙anga= go, went.
  • Re∙angachim= went (past).
  • Ong∙kata= went out, come out.
  • Ong∙katsoa= The person went out or came out before the speaker could see him.
  • Ong∙katsomanaha= already went out or came out.
______________________________________________
"Na∙a bi∙sa ong∙jahaba,  bilsi chi∙chet ong∙pilengjokde na∙ara."

= "You're not a child anymore, you're already eighteen."

  • Bi∙sa = child.
  • Ong∙jaha/Ong∙jahaba= not anymore.
  • Bilsi=age.
  • Ong∙piljok/ Ong∙pilengjok/ Ong∙pilengjokde= Already happened or happening.
  • Chi∙chet= eighteen.

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LEARN GARO-BASIC PERSONAL PRONOUNS


 #TABLE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS:
Personal Pronouns
English
Garo
Hindi
I
Anga
मैं (main)
You
Na∙a
आप (Aap) [ formal ]
तुम (Tum) [ informal ]
You
(Plural)
Na∙simang
/Na∙song
आप लोग (Aap log)
तुम लोग (Tum log)
He
Bia/ Ua
यह (yah/yeh) [informal]
वह (vah/voh) [formal]
She
Bia/ Ua
यह (yah/yeh) [informal]
वह (vah/voh) [formal]
We
An∙ching
/Chinga
हम (ham)

®    You= (Na∙a), Tum (तुम) /Aap (आप), Na∙simang= Tum log (तुम à¤²ोग):
‘Na∙a’ is a translation for ‘you’ in Garo for which the equivalent word in Hindi is ‘Tum’ (तुम) for informal use and ‘Aap’ (आप) for formal use.

®    Na∙simang/ Na∙song~ ‘Tum log’ (तुम à¤²ोग) or ‘Aap log’ (आप लोग):
The pronoun ‘na∙simang’ or ‘na∙song’ may be interpreted as  a plural form of ‘you’ in Garo which includes more than one person. It may be translated in Hindi as ‘tum log’ (तुम à¤²ोग) or ‘aap log’ (आप लोग), while it can only be translated as ‘you’ in modern English. That being the case, Garo has a one word  vocabulary advantage in ‘na∙simang and ‘na∙song’ (for plural form of you) over English and Hindi.

Sentence Examples:

English:
Who are you guys?  
Garo:
Na∙simang sawarang?
Hindi:
Tum log kaun ho? ( à¤¤ुम à¤²ोग à¤•ौन à¤¹ो )

    He or She= Ua/ Bia, à¤¯à¤¹’ (yah/yeh) or ‘वह’ (vah/voh):  
Personal pronoun ‘he’ and ‘she’ in English clearly specifies gender, however it’s translation, ‘ua’ or ‘bia’ in Garo and ‘यह’ (yah/yeh) or ‘वह’ (vah/voh)  in Hindi are not gender indicators. They are used as pronouns common to both genders.

Sentence Examples:

English:
He is rich./ She is rich.
Garo:
Ua man∙e cha∙a.
Hindi:
Woh ameer hain. (वह à¤…मीर à¤¹ै)

 Ua or Bia:
The pronoun ‘Ua’ for ‘He or She’ in Garo is used in written form but native speakers prefer to use ‘bia’ in spoken language.

  We= An∙ching or Chinga:
The Garo pronoun ‘An∙ching’, a translation for ‘We’ is used when the speaker and the others spoken of are present while speaking, whereas ‘Chinga’ can be used even when only the speaker is present and not all the persons spoken of are present while speaking.

English:
We enjoyed our dinner yesterday.
Garo:
Me∙jalo an∙ching suk ong∙e meattam cha∙aha.
(The people who enjoyed the dinner are all present while the speaker is speaking).
Me∙jalo chinga suk ong∙e meattam cha∙aha.
(The person(s) who enjoyed the dinner may only be the speaker or one or two more persons with him but not all  . The event is being narrated to a person who was not present at the dinner party).

Here is the audio visual in English to Garo. Watch the video! Do subscribe to GaroIndian Channel on Youtube.




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