LEARN GARO-BASIC PERSONAL PRONOUNS

 #TABLE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS:

Personal Pronouns
English	Garo	Hindi
I	Anga	मैं (main)
You	Na∙a	आप (Aap) [ formal ] तुम (Tum) [ informal ]
You (Plural)	Na∙simang /Na∙song	आप लोग (Aap log) तुम लोग (Tum log)
He	Bia/ Ua	यह (yah/yeh) [informal] वह (vah/voh) [formal]
She	Bia/ Ua	यह (yah/yeh) [informal] वह (vah/voh) [formal]
We	An∙ching /Chinga	हम (ham)

®    You= (Na∙a), Tum (तुम) /Aap (आप), Na∙simang= Tum log (तुम लोग):

‘Na∙a’ is a translation for ‘you’ in Garo for which the equivalent word in Hindi is ‘Tum’ (तुम) for informal use and ‘Aap’ (आप) for formal use.

®    Na∙simang/ Na∙song~ ‘Tum log’ (तुम लोग) or ‘Aap log’ (आप लोग):

The pronoun ‘na∙simang’ or ‘na∙song’ may be interpreted as  a plural form of ‘you’ in Garo which includes more than one person. It may be translated in Hindi as ‘tum log’ (तुम लोग) or ‘aap log’ (आप लोग), while it can only be translated as ‘you’ in modern English. That being the case, Garo has a one word  vocabulary advantage in ‘na∙simang and ‘na∙song’ (for plural form of you) over English and Hindi.

Sentence Examples:

English:	Who are you guys?
Garo:	Na∙simang sawarang?
Hindi:	Tum log kaun ho? ( तुम लोग कौन हो )

    He or She= Ua/ Bia, यह’ (yah/yeh) or ‘वह’ (vah/voh):  

Personal pronoun ‘he’ and ‘she’ in English clearly specifies gender, however it’s translation, ‘ua’ or ‘bia’ in Garo and ‘यह’ (yah/yeh) or ‘वह’ (vah/voh)  in Hindi are not gender indicators. They are used as pronouns common to both genders.

Sentence Examples:

English:	He is rich./ She is rich.
Garo:	Ua man∙e cha∙a.
Hindi:	Woh ameer hain. (वह अमीर है)

 Ua or Bia:

The pronoun ‘Ua’ for ‘He or She’ in Garo is used in written form but native speakers prefer to use ‘bia’ in spoken language.

  We= An∙ching or Chinga:

The Garo pronoun ‘An∙ching’, a translation for ‘We’ is used when the speaker and the others spoken of are present while speaking, whereas ‘Chinga’ can be used even when only the speaker is present and not all the persons spoken of are present while speaking.

English:	We enjoyed our dinner yesterday.
Garo:	Me∙jalo an∙ching suk ong∙e meattam cha∙aha.	(The people who enjoyed the dinner are all present while the speaker is speaking).
	Me∙jalo chinga suk ong∙e meattam cha∙aha.	(The person(s) who enjoyed the dinner may only be the speaker or one or two more persons with him but not all  . The event is being narrated to a person who was not present at the dinner party).

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